Pneumoconiosis

In Hong Kong, pneumoconiosis is chiefly due to the long-term inhalation of silica dust or asbestos dust. Inorganic dust can be created by drilling, chiseling, polishing or cutting rocks. Small dust particles generated during work can penetrate deep into the lungs. The risk of silicosis is directly proportional to the particle concentration, the duration of exposure, and the silica content of different rock types.

• Chronic cough
• Shortness of breath, especially during exertion
• Increased sputum production
• Chest discomfort
• Fatigue
• Higher risk of tuberculosis
• Increased risk of certain cancers such as mesothelioma

Diagnosis usually requires a positive exposure history and a suggestive Chest X-Ray and/or computed tomography scans. As there are typical radiographic appearances, biopsy is usually not required to establish the diagnosis.

There is currently no cure for pneumoconiosis. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing complications.

Bronchodilators may help relieve breathing symptoms in some patients.

Vaccinations such as annual influenza vaccination and pneumococcal vaccination are recommended.

Pulmonary rehabilitation programmes may help improve exercise capacity and quality of life.

Long‑term oxygen therapy may be required in advanced disease to relieve symptoms.

Prevention is the most important strategy to reduce the risk of pneumoconiosis.

• Use materials with lower silica content where possible.
• Use appropriate respiratory protective equipment when working in dusty environments.
• Respirators should be properly fitted and professionally certified.
• Workers should receive training on the correct use of respiratory protective equipment.

Compensation in Hong Kong

The Pneumoconiosis and Mesothelioma (Compensation) Ordinance provides compensation for patients diagnosed with silicosis, asbestosis or mesothelioma related to occupational exposure. For more information, please visit the Pneumoconiosis Compensation Fund Board website (www.pcfb.org.hk).